How can Ansible assist individuals constructing simulations with Cisco Modeling Labs (CML)?
Just like Terraform, Ansible is a standard, open-source automation instrument typically utilized in Steady Integration/Steady Deployment (CI/CD) DevOps methodologies. They’re each a sort of Infrastructure as Code (IaC) or Infrastructure as Information that will let you render your infrastructure as textual content recordsdata and management it utilizing instruments resembling Git. The benefit is reproducibility, consistency, pace, and the information that, whenever you change the code, individuals approve, and it will get examined earlier than it’s pushed out to your manufacturing community. This paradigm permits enterprises to run their community infrastructure in the identical method they run their software program and cloud practices. Afterall, the infrastructure is there to help the apps, so why handle them in another way?
Though overlaps exist within the capabilities of Terraform and Ansible, they’re very complementary. Whereas Terraform is best on the preliminary deployment and guaranteeing ongoing consistency of the underlying infrastructure, Ansible is best on the preliminary configuration and ongoing administration of the issues that stay in that infrastructure, resembling methods, community gadgets, and so forth.
In a standard workflow during which an operator needs to make a change to the community, let’s say including a brand new community to be marketed through BGP, a community engineer would specify that change within the code or extra probably as configuration knowledge in YAML or JSON. In a typical CI workflow, that change would should be authorised by others for correctness or adherence to company and safety considerations, for example. Along with the eyeball exams, a collection of automated testing validates the information after which deploys the proposed change in a take a look at community. These exams will be run in a bodily take a look at community, a digital take a look at community, or a mixture of the 2. That movement would possibly appear like the next:
The benefit of leveraging digital take a look at networks is profound. The price is dramatically decrease, and the power to automate testing is elevated considerably. For instance, a community engineer can spin up and configure a brand new, complicated topology a number of occasions with out the chance of outdated exams messing up the accuracy of the present testing. Cisco Modeling Labs is a superb instrument for the sort of take a look at.
Right here’s the place the Ansible CML Assortment is available in. Just like the CML Terraform integration lined in a earlier weblog, the Ansible CML Assortment can automate the deployment of topologies in CML for testing. The Ansible CML Assortment has modules to create, begin, and cease a topology and the hosts inside it, however extra importantly, it has a dynamic stock plugin for getting details about the topology. That is vital for automation as a result of topologies can change. Or a number of topologies may exist, relying on the exams being carried out. In case your topology makes use of dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) and/or CML’s PATty performance, the knowledge for a way Ansible communicates with the nodes must be communicated to the playbook.
Let’s go over a few of the options of the Ansible CML Assortment’s dynamic stock plugin.
First, we have to set up the gathering:
ansible-galaxy assortment set up cisco.cml
Subsequent, we create a cml.yml within the stock with the next contents to inform Ansible to make use of the Ansible CML Assortment’s dynamic stock plugin:
plugin: cisco.cml.cml_inventory group_tags: community, ios, nxos, router
As well as to specifying the plugin title, we will additionally outline tags that, when discovered on the gadgets within the topology, add that system to an Ansible group for use later within the playbook:
As well as to specifying the plugin title, we will additionally outline tags that, when discovered on the gadgets within the topology, add that system to an Ansible group for use later within the playbook:
- CML_USERNAME: Username for the CML person
- CML_PASSWORD: Password for the CML person
- CML_HOST: The CML host
- CML_LAB: The title of the lab
As soon as the plugin is aware of methods to talk with the CML server and which lab to make use of, it might return details about the nodes within the lab:
okay: [hq-rtr1] => { "cml_facts": { "config": "hostname hq-rtr1nvrf definition Mgmt-intfn!naddress-family ipv4nexit-address-familyn!naddress-family ipv6nexit-address-familyn!nusername admin privilege 15 secret 0 adminncdp runnno aaa new-modelnip domain-name mdd.cisco.comn!ninterface GigabitEthernet1nvrf forwarding Mgmt-intfnip handle dhcpnnegotiation autonno cdp enablenno shutdownn!ninterface GigabitEthernet2ncdp enablen!ninterface GigabitEthernet3ncdp enablen!ninterface GigabitEthernet4ncdp enablen!nip http servernip http secure-servernip http max-connections 2n!nip ssh time-out 60nip ssh model 2nip ssh server algorithm encryption aes128-ctr aes192-ctr aes256-ctrnip ssh consumer algorithm encryption aes128-ctr aes192-ctr aes256-ctrn!nline vty 0 4nexec-timeout 30 0nabsolute-timeout 60nsession-limit 16nlogin localntransport enter sshn!nend", "cpus": 1, "data_volume": null, "image_definition": null, "interfaces": [ { "ipv4_addresses": null, "ipv6_addresses": null, "mac_address": null, "name": "Loopback0", "state": "STARTED" }, { "ipv4_addresses": [ "192.168.255.199" ], "ipv6_addresses": [], "mac_address": "52:54:00:13:51:66", "title": "GigabitEthernet1", "state": "STARTED" } ], "node_definition": "csr1000v", "ram": 3072, "state": "BOOTED" } }
The primary IPv4 handle discovered (so as of the interfaces) is used as `ansible_host` to allow the playbook to connect with the system. We will use the cisco.cml.stock playbook included within the assortment to point out the stock. On this case, we solely specify that we would like gadgets which might be within the “router” group created by the stock plugin as knowledgeable by the tags on the gadgets:
mdd % ansible-playbook cisco.cml.stock --limit=router okay: [hq-rtr1] => { "msg": "Node: hq-rtr1(csr1000v), State: BOOTED, Handle: 192.168.255.199:22" } okay: [hq-rtr2] => { "msg": "Node: hq-rtr2(csr1000v), State: BOOTED, Handle: 192.168.255.53:22" } okay: [site1-rtr1] => { "msg": "Node: site1-rtr1(csr1000v), State: BOOTED, Handle: 192.168.255.63:22" } okay: [site2-rtr1] => { "msg": "Node: site2-rtr1(csr1000v), State: BOOTED, Handle: 192.168.255.7:22" }
Along with group tags, the CML dynamic stock plugin will even parse tags to cross data from PATty and to create generic stock details:
If a CML tag is specified that matches `^pat:(?:tcp|udp)?:?(d+):(d+)`, the CML server handle (versus the primary IPv4 handle discovered) will probably be used for `ansible_host`. To alter `ansible_port` to level to the translated SSH port, the tag `ansible:ansible_port=2020` will be set. These two tags inform the Ansible playbook to connect with port 2020 of the CML server to automate the required host within the topology. The `ansible:` tag can be used to specify different host details. For instance, the tag `ansible:nso_api_port=2021` can be utilized to inform the playbook the port to make use of to achieve the Cisco NSO API. Any arbitrary reality will be set on this method.
Getting began
Attempting out the CML Ansible Assortment is simple. You should utilize the playbooks supplied within the assortment to load and begin a topology in your CML server. To begin, outline the setting variable that tells the gathering methods to entry your CML server:
% export CML_HOST=my-cml-server.my-domain.com % export CML_USERNAME=my-cml-username % export CML_PASSWORD=my-cml-password
The following step is to outline your topology file. That is a customary topology file you can export from CML. There are two methods to outline the topology file. First, you possibly can use an setting variable:
% export CML_LAB=my-cml-labfile
Alternatively, you possibly can specify the topology file whenever you run the playbook as an additional–var. For instance, to spin up a topology utilizing the in-built cisco.cml.construct playbook:
% ansible-playbook cisco.cml.construct -e wait="sure" -e
This command masses and begins the topology; then it waits till all nodes are operating to finish. If -e startup=’host’ is specified, the playbook will begin every host individually versus beginning them abruptly. This permits for the config to be generated and fed into the host on startup. When cml_config_file is outlined within the host’s stock, it’s parsed as a Jinja file and fed into that host as config at startup. This permits for just-in-time configuration to happen.
As soon as the playbook completes, you need to use one other built-in playbook, cisco.cml.stock, to get the stock for the topology. To be able to use it, first create a cml.yml within the stock listing as proven above, then run the playbook as follows:
% ansible-playbook cisco.cml.stock PLAY [cml_hosts] ********************************************************************** TASK [debug] ********************************************************************** okay: [WAN-rtr1] => { "msg": "Node: WAN-rtr1(csr1000v), State: BOOTED, Handle: 192.168.255.53:22" } okay: [nso1] => { "msg": "Node: nso1(ubuntu), State: BOOTED, Handle: my-cml-server.my-domain.com:2010" } okay: [site1-host1] => { "msg": "Node: site1-host1(ubuntu), State: BOOTED, Handle: site1-host1:22" }
On this truncated output, three totally different situations are proven. First, WAN-rtr1 is assigned the DHCP handle it acquired for its ansible_host worth, and ansible port is 22. If the host operating the playbook has IP connectivity (both within the topology or a community linked to the topology with an exterior connector), will probably be capable of attain that host.
The second state of affairs exhibits an instance of the PATty performance with the host nso1 during which the dynamic stock plugin reads these tags to find out that the host is out there by way of the CML server’s interface (i.e. ansible_host is ready to my-cml-server.my-domain.com). Additionally, it is aware of that ansible_port must be set to the port specified within the tags (i.e. 2010). After these values are set, the ansible playbook can attain the host within the topology utilizing the PATty performance in CML.
The final instance, site1-host1, exhibits the state of affairs during which the CML dynamic stock script can both discover a DHCP allotted handle or tags to specify to what ansible_host must be set, so it makes use of the node title. For the playbook to achieve these hosts, it must have IP connectivity and have the ability to resolve the node title to an IP handle.
These built-in playbooks present examples of methods to use the performance within the CML Ansible Assortment to construct your personal playbooks, however you can too use them instantly as a part of your pipeline. Actually, we frequently use them instantly within the pipelines we construct for purchasers.
If you wish to study extra concerning the CML Ansible Assortment, you could find it in Ansible Galaxy in addition to on Github.
It’s also possible to discover a full, IaC CI/CD pipeline utilizing these modules right here.
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